Manufacture of screens for use in color photography.



L. n. DU HAURON@ R. DE BBRGBGOL. MNUFACTURE OF SCREENS IPOR USE IN COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY.

' APPLwATIoN FILED JAN. 2, 1907. V 1,005,644. Patented m1051911.

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` .Figs 2, 3 and etshow variations, Fig. 5 is a.

UNi'riiii) STATES PATENT Fries.

DOUIs DUcos nu HAUiiON AND RAYMOND DE Brincneoi., or vJoiiivirfiin-Ln roirrg FRANCE,

MANUFAGTURE OF SCREENS FOR USE IN COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oet. 1o, 1911.

Application filed January 2i, 1907. Serial No. 350,334.

To all-whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that we, LOUIS DUoos DU HAURON and RAYMOND DE BERCEGOL, both of 17 Avenue Pauline, Joinville-le-Pont, Seine, Republic of France, engineers,have invented Improvements Relating to the Manufacture of Screens for Use in Color Photography, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. A

This invention relates to the manufacture of polychromatic screens for use in colorphotography, so as to permit the multiplication of a common device or subject.

The object to be obtained is to cover a transparent oi' translucent surface, such as glass, Celluloid, paper, etc., with an eX- trernely large Vnumber of exceedingly small regular figures, e. g., bands, rectangles, lozenge-shaped gures, etc., having three distinct colors placed close together without any interval, and each of which theoretically hould, altogether, cover a third of the surace.

The present process enables us to obtain this result under practical, rapid, economical and therefore industrial conditions.

Figure l shows on an enlarged scale a portion of the screens obtained by the process,

side view of a machine for tracing the lines, Fig. 6 is a plan view, Fig. 7 is an end view,

r and Fig. 8 lis a'vsection on the line ofthe cutting tool.v

Y This process is essentially characterized by the two following features: a, the automatic placing of the colors in virtue ofthe inconsistency eXisting'betWeen the colors dissolved in liquids of different nature repulsing one another, namely between' greasy colors and colors dissolved in water or in alcohol. `b, the applicationof these colors according to parallel lines drawn by means of a ruling machine.

In order to be better understood, We will now describe several Ways of practically carrying out this process. y

On a hard very plane material such as copper, zinc, lithographie stone, etc., lines are drawn by means of a machine, the different parallel lines being separated by intervals equal to their width. Then the parts in relief are coated, or -the hollows thus f formed are covered with a greasy coloring ink, and, by means of pressure, the series of lines is reproduced on a sheet of gelatin, for example, after drying, one can by the same means make a tracing of anotherv color, orange-color for instance, crossing the first,

`then the bare intervals are colored by applying on the whole surface of the sheet a color, blue-violet for instance, dissolved in water, to which the greasy colors will be impermeable. The screen thus obtained possesses, as shown in Fig. l at a much larger scale, a great quantity of small elements, either in the form of squares, rectangles or lozenges, according as thevtwo series of lines are perpendicular or oblique, green o, orangecolored r and blue b. Furthermore at the crossings of the-lines are formed small ele- Vments of black or dark color a which will have only onendisadvantage that of slightly darkening the whole of the screen. However, these black or dark elements n can be avoided by operating in the following manner: On a surface such as gelatin capable of absorbing water color a first series of lines is drawn, as hereinbefore specified, by means of a greasy ink of blue-violet color and then an aqueous material of yellow color is applied over the whole surface, this material does not adhere to the greasy lines and only fills the intervals comprised between these lines. A second series of lines is then drawn by means of a greasy ink of light-blue color taking care to cross the lines; these lightblue lines in being superposed to the yellow will produce the green and in being superposed. to the blue-violet will only very slightly increase' the intensity of this color. These three operations have thus produced on the gelatin surface, blue violet lines and green rectangles, resulting from the superposition of the yellow lines andvof the light blue lines, and since the lines and the squares are produced by inks having greasy solvents, they are not attacked by the other color', whose solvent is aqueous. whole surface can be applied a layer of red aqueous color which in mixing with yellow gives the orangered color.

The present process can also be applied to glass surfaces, one then operates as follows: On a sheet of glass there is spread gelatin containing in suspension very fine colorless grains such as those of the starch. Afterv Finally over the Q, i modela grainy surface, holding the greasy ink, avoid ing the blurring and enabling to obtain un'.- der the press series of lines of a great clean ln order to avoid the breaking lass and constitute very homogenous prints, the

plate produced'by the ruling machine must be absolutelyv smoother constituted by soft material (ebonite, Celluloid, or a very thin metal, ete.,) placed on a'sneet of indiarubber or any other flexible material, in

which the starch to turn into blueviolet.

The present process can also be carried out as olloivswl, On a substance permeable to watt a iirst set of greasy lines which might be colorless, is drawn; Q.Over the whole surface an aqueous color containingv subst-ance susatin impermeable liy means oli a dissolvent,

tannin, alum, or any other ceptibleA ot making the ,gel is applied; 5.

such turpe'ntine or mineral essence, etc., 4" ,1 t n.) .q qu. y 1 l .dy u t .or mns le lesioni eo ,in oix er 1a LJ l 1 l l only aqueous color lines should suosist.

Ll. A second set of greasy lines'crossing the preceding` lines, and which might be color'- less, as the iirst ones, drawn; A second Water color alum, etc., is applied over the .whole surface; Ae `nrewfiously done, said second set of greasy lines is destroyed. 'l'. vllinally, the

thirdwater color is applied over the Whole surface.

yIl? there is mixed With-the acueous color a suitable proportion of material having: the property of tanning gelatin and to lill the pores 'thereof suclnas; alum, tanniinaleohol, forniic aldehyde, etc., the space occupied by this color will be impermeabilized. A second aqueous color will be applied by the same means and after dryin the third color which is also aqueous, ani spread over the Whole surface will adhere but ir. the

empty spaces left by the two others.

Instead of being obtained by transfer, the lines con be drawn directly upon the screen', in this case the procedure is as follows: On a sheet of glass, colluloid, etc., covered with a material which is permeable 'to Water, such as gelatin, there is spread a colored Varnish, such red for example, which impermeable to Water. lheinmby means of plane or Vcircular ruling machine.. there `e greasy colors. a solution of iodin` likewise containing tannin,l

are drawn small parallel furrows or grooves which are separated by intervals equal to their Width. `Then the sheet thus prepared is dipped t'or a. few seconds .into a water color, such as green forexaniplc, which i1n- 7 pregnates the gelatin throughout` where it has'been exposed, leaving'unacted upon the parts covL l with varnish and ,only dyeingr superoielly the loyer oi gelatin. The sul face being cleaned, one will have a screen composed of green and red-orange bands which are arranged exactlyby the side of each .ot-henand capaple of producing by the two color process, beautii'ully colored photographs.

A third color is distributed as' follows: There is spread over :i with tivo series of bands or lines,l a second varnish which is impermeable to Water,` is

surface provided colorless, and is Vdesigned to serve solely as a protector; one then hollows out fresh tracks 'which are a little deeper than those above referred to, in such a manner as to expose the lower klayer of gelatin which the first bath did not have time to reach. These l tracks intersect the rst mentioned ones either perpendicularly or obliquely and should be separated by spaces equal to twice their own Width. TheV sheet is then dipped for a few seconds into a blue-violet Watercolor bath and a three-color screen is. pro duced.' It has an extremely large number of small green and. red-orange rectangles, e, r, respectively, intersected by blue-'violet lines l), as shown in Fig. 2 ot the accompanyinglo drawing. These small ligures `Will be lozengefshaped il the second series of bands or tracks has been drawn obliquely, as shown in Fig. 43 of the drawing. The colors may obviously be arranged in any desired order.

@ne may also take a transparent sheet cov-V ered with a thick layer of gelatin which is supericially colored green for, example, on which is s )read a .varnish impermeable tol Water. Af1

of bands or tracks, the sheetis dipped into a second water-color bath as for instance red orange color, then-a colorless protective val nish is spread thereon', the second deeper sei ries of bands or tracks is drawn, and `inally thesheet is dipped into a third Water-color4 bath as for instance blue-violet. Celluloid which is `superficially colored green, for eX- ample, .may also be employed; this is covter having drawn the first series 110 ered with colorless gelatinand the lirst sel ries of bands or tracks is drawn sulliciently deeply for them to expose .the colorless celluloid. The sheet is then colored with a pig* ment dissolved in acetone, amyl acetate or' any other liquid which Will bite on or pene- 4125 trate -the Celluloid. There is then spread over ltliewhole surface a .second layer of gelatin, then thev second deeper series of bands or tracks is drawn, and linally there 1s spread over the Whole surface a third color y l the surface v-notv acted upon by the chisel or may tool of .the ruling machine, and, after having freed the Celluloid from the gelatin, there willbe produced a screen which is capable of resisting water and a large number of other liquids.

In using Celluloid the procedure is as follows The sheet of Celluloid is Covered with a thin layer of gelatin which is colored by means of a water color, then the first series of bands or traclsfis drawn through the gelatin; the slet is Colored with a second color having amyl acetate or acetone `for its base, which only actson the exposed parts of the Celluloid; the whole is then Covered with a second layer of colorless gelatin; the second series of bands orA tracksuwhich are deeper than the former ones is drawn and a third color of the saine nature as the second is spread over the sheet.

In all the above cases, the first series of bands or tracks can be drawn in such a manner that the interval which separates them shall be equal to twice their width, as shown in Fig. Llsof the drawing. Then, after soaln'ng andvarnishing, similar bands or tracks are drawn extending nearly to the middle of the space which is afterward soaked in the third color. In this manner,

the screen is formed solely by bands which ,v are parallel to each other, but this process has the disadvantage of only overcoming part of the diiculties of registration, while the method in which the lines cross overcomes them entirely. Thus, the second series of bands or tracks can be hollowed to the saine extent as the rst; in this case, two colors are superposed and form at the point at which the series of lines vcross each other as hereinbefore specified andas shown in Fig. 1 small squares n which are black or have a dark color.

In most cases, as above specified the gelatin may be replaced by collodian orby any other material which may be easily spread in a thin layer and is capable of absorbing colors having water, alcohol, etc., as their.

bases.

For drawing lines the ruling machines be used in which gravers or chisels are employed and by mounting preferably on these machines a plurality of chisels or gravers arranged lines at a time. Also, in order to produce.

lmlike screens, one can use a circular rul machine similar to that shown by way ing of example in Figs. 5, 6, 7 'and '8. This machine consists of a movable cylinder 1 us the aan around which the sheet is rolled and of a l chisel or cutting tool 2 which is fed along by a'leading screw 3 and toothed wheels-4 and 5, of which the pinion 5 is attached to of the Cylinder 1. order that so as to forma number of the eye may not be able to distinguish separately the small Colored divisions, their dimensions should be made as small'as possible and thus a surface will be obtained which will appear homogeneous and wliitish by transmitted light.

In order to allow the use of rotary presses, the series of lines can be drawn on cylinders.

In use, the screen produced by one of the methods described above, and protected by an impermeable varnish is covered with an emulsion which is sensitive to colors and is placed in the plate or film-carrier or frame of any suitable photographic apparatus, the emulsion being turned toward the inner face of the said Carrier or frame in such a manner that the rays of light pass through the screen before reaching the saidemulsion. A view will be taken in the ordinary manner and developed, then the negative so obtained will be converted into a positive and after fixing one will have a photograph having all the natural colors. At thesame time, one can employ the following process when it appears to be more advantageous by reason of its permitting the production of a large number of prints: Instead 'of spreading the emulsion on the screen itself, there is laced in the carrier or frame, in thei or inary manner, a sensitized plate to which the screen is applied by putting the colored surface of the latter against the emulsion on the plate. The view is taken, then the plate is developed after having been separated from the screen. The selectively acted upon negative thus produced, when fixed, will enable an indefinite number of blackpositives to be obtained which, when suitably placed against similar screens, will immediately ex; hibit by transmitted light all the colorations of the model. tion or ttin of the screen to the positive should be ma e in such a manner that each of the small colored figures should coincide with -the point of the image which it has selected, but since these thousands of iigures oi` devices are similar to each o the` lare of equal dimensions and are symmetrically distributed over the whole i surface of the screen, by reason of the regularity of the work done by the ruling machine, the registration may easily take place with an infinity "of positions.

The transparent support of the improved screens serving for the selection may be Co cred slightlyl yellow so as to moderate the activity of the blueviolet rays.

The successive Crossing of the two series of lines thus avoids the complications of registration in the manufacture of the screens Moreover, the successive soakings each time exactly filling up the spaces produced, it follows that all the small colorcoinpartments are automatically juxtaposed without any space being left between them,

Theoretically lthi's adapta-v and capable of entering the parts of the' a condition which is especially advantageeus in' the production of. phototypes in which the select-iveeifect is producedby light tiltration.

AThe perfect regularity of they screens enables them to be applied to any positive pro-` duced by a similar screen7 and consequently to enable the prints to be multiplied indeli-`v l. A. method of preparing polychromatic screens, consisting lin applying to a transparentsuppora'a first series of linesyy in a greasy solvent, in coloring the intervals between these lineswith a colored liquid which will not aect the greasy colors and capable' of entering the support, in impressing a second series of lines-crossing the first ones,

and in coloring the intervals with a colored liquid which will not affect the greasy colors support not covered by greasy lines.

2. A methodY of prel'niring polychromatic screensrccnsisting in applying te a trans-- parent support sundry ot' the colors in series of intersecting lines and in coloring the intervals after the drawing ci the lines of each series by means of pigments whose `vehicle .is nonrniscible with the vehicle of the screens, consisting in spreading over a transparent support a layerot transparentmate rial, then applying sundry of the colors in a greasy vehicle, in series of intersecting lines, andv afterward coloring the intervals between the lines with a color in a vehicle nonmiscible with the greasy vehicle and capable of penetrating theftransparent layer covering the support.

y5. A process for the 'manufacture of screens with polychromatic divisions for .color photography cnsisting in applying on a support two'colors in a` greasy vehicle, in

two series ,of4 intersecting lines, and in illing thev intervals between' the grooves with a third colorl in a vehicle noniniscible with the greasy colors landl capable lof entering the support.

,6. A process @for [the manufacture of screens with polychromatic divisions for color photoeraphy consistingin drawing parallel tradire latter by means of a color in a greasy veiiicle, in trzwnsterring by meansof this plate n thus inked colored lines on a sheet of transover 'aplate, in inlring the' parent material, in transferring in the same in such a way that they intersect the lines manner colored lines of` a second color and of the first color and in finally coloring the' empty spaces by spreading over the whole surface the third color in a vehicle nonmiscible with the greasy vehicle and capable of. y l

entering the support.

7. A process for. the manufacture of screens with pol'ychromatic divisions for color photography consistingginspreading over a glass plate a .transparent layer lof;

gelatin,` in applying to the latter succes.y

sively two ci the selected colors in a greasy4 'vehicle in two series of intersecting lines,

and in spreading over the surface tlie'thirdl I .color in a vehicle capable of enteringsthe transparent layer. f v c `8. A' process ofpreparing polychromatic screens, consisting in spreading over a transparent support a layer of transparent mate'- rial containing :line granular' material, in applyingrsnndry of the colors in a greasy v ehicle, in a series ci' intersecting lines, and

afterward coloring the intervals between the lines7 with a color in a vehicle capable of penetratingthe transparent layer. A

9. A process for the manufacture of screens with polychromatic divisions forcolor-photography consisting in; spreading.

over a transparent' support a transparent layer containing in suspension veryfne. colorless grains, in successlvely transferring over the latter two of the selected colors, in

a greasy vehicle in intersecting linesand' in applying over the surface the third color..

in a vehicle capable of entering the transf'` parent layer.`

10. A process for ther manufacture of i screens with polychromatic divisions, for color photography consisting Vin spreading over a transparent supporta transparent layer .with which a solutionof starch; is mixed, in applyingthe two selected colors, green and orange red,'in a greasy vehicle in two series of intersecting lines, and in il'n"y mersing the work in a solution of iodin'to.-

act in the empty spaces left between the greasy Colors so that the starch will turnl to).

blue-violet. y, I y

ll. A method of preparing polychromatic screens, consisting in applying to a translucent support, colors in line intersecting tig-v ures, and afterward coloring the intervalsl between the guresby means of colors `Whose vehicle is nonmisclble lwith' the vehicle of the first colors.

, 12. Ag'meth'od of preparing polychromatic screens, which lconsists 1n lapplying Sundry; of the colors to the screenfin deinite'ligures, and afterward coloring thel intervalsv be.- tweenthe figures 'with a colorwhose vehicle is nonmiscible with 4the vehicles of the rstcolors.

13. 'A method ot' preparing lpolychroinlatic `liso screens, Whiehvcon'sists vin `applying sundry of' the colors to the screen in small, intersecting gures, and afterward coloring the intervals between the figures With a color whose vehicle isnonmisoible With the vehicles of the first colors.

14. A method of preparing polyohromatieA screens by aid 0f`-greasy colors, which coli'- sists in applying sundry of the =colors in a greasy vehlele to the screen in definite figures, and afterward coloring the intervals between tlie gures by means of Colors Whose 'I provements relating to the manufacture of screens foruse in color-photography slgned Y by us this 21st day of December 1906.

LOUIS DUCOS DU HAURON. RAYMOND DE BERCEGOL.'

Witnesses:

- HANSON C. COKE, v MAURICE lH, PIGNET.

Copies of this patent may be obtained lfor` five eents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D, C. 

